Prismatic cells are distinguished by their robust, rectangular shape which allows for efficient stacking in battery packs, maximising space utilisation within the vehicle’s chassis. This format is particularly favoured by industry heavyweights such as BMW, BYD, and Toyota, known for their rigorous standards in energy density and safety. The cells’ structure lends itself to easier voltage monitoring and thermal management, making them a reliable choice in larger EV applications. Notably, Chinese titan CATL, the world’s largest lithium-ion battery producer since 2017, and the innovative Gotion are key proponents of this technology, supplying to a wide array of carmakers including Volkswagen and SAIC.
Pouch cells, encapsulated in a lightweight aluminum coating, offer a compelling advantage in terms of weight reduction, which is critical for enhancing the range and efficiency of electric vehicles. This cell type is preferred by manufacturers such as Honda and Renault-Nissan, who prioritise the reduction of vehicle kerb weight without compromising battery capacity. Automakers like Ford, Mercedes-Benz, and Stellantis also harness the benefits of pouch cells, exploiting their flexibility for bespoke battery shapes and configurations. The South Korean conglomerate SK Innovation, supplier to Ford and Hyundai, is among the leading manufacturers advancing this format.
Cylindrical cells are celebrated for their ease of manufacturing and scalability, essential traits for mass-market EV production. These cells are cylindrical in shape, like traditional AA batteries, facilitating better packing density and heat dissipation. Tesla, a dominant player in the electric vehicle market, has consistently opted for cylindrical cells to power its high-demand models, such as the Model 3. Panasonic’s support as a supplier, producing significant market shares from its factories, underscores the ongoing preference for this format among leading EV manufacturers, including GM.
The strategic selection of battery types is influenced by a complex array of factors, including cost, specific energy, safety, and manufacturing simplicity. GM stands out for its flexibility, integrating all three cell types across different vehicle models to optimize performance and cost-efficiency. Similarly, European and Asian manufacturers like Stellantis and Geely utilise both prismatic and pouch cells to align with specific vehicle design and market needs.
As the EV market continues to evolve, the technological bets placed by these manufacturers highlight a broader trend: there is no one-size-fits-all solution in the battery technology landscape. Each configuration offers distinct advantages and challenges, necessitating a tailored approach based on the specific requirements of the vehicle and its intended use.
As manufacturers continue to refine their choices, the industry watches closely, anticipating the next breakthrough that will define the future of electric mobility. The variety in battery configurations not only exemplifies the dynamic nature of the EV landscape but also reflects the diverse approaches being taken to overcome the challenges of electrification. The road ahead is as electrified as it is varied, with each cell type carving its own path in the blueprint of automotive evolution.
Source: CiCenerGUNE
