Wireless EV charging operates through a principle known as resonant magnetic induction. The technology requires two key components: a ground-based charging pad and an onboard receiver within the EV. When the vehicle is parked over the charging pad, magnetic resonance between the pad and the receiver enables the transfer of electrical energy. This energy is converted to direct current (DC) by the vehicle’s internal systems, which then charges the battery.
This method provides significant convenience, as it allows EVs to charge automatically when parked over the pad, eliminating the need for drivers to handle bulky and sometimes cumbersome cables. The absence of physical connections also reduces wear and tear on charging equipment and mitigates risks associated with damaged or frayed cables.
Wireless charging can be implemented in two primary forms: static and dynamic. Static wireless charging occurs when the vehicle is stationary, such as in a home garage or a public parking lot. Dynamic wireless charging, which is still in developmental stages, aims to charge vehicles as they move along specially equipped roads. This could potentially allow for continuous charging during travel, significantly reducing the downtime required for charging and alleviating range anxiety for drivers.