V2X encompasses several applications, each targeting different energy destinations. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) allows EVs to feed stored electricity back into the power grid, helping to balance the grid during peak demand periods and integrating renewable energy sources. This stabilisation reduces the need for additional generation capacity, making V2G particularly valuable for grid management.
Vehicle-to-Building (V2B) involves transferring power from EVs to a building’s electrical system, supplying energy during peak load times or power outages. This application is especially beneficial in commercial settings where uninterrupted power is crucial. Similarly, Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) provides power to homes during outages or peak periods, allowing homeowners to use their EVs as backup power sources and potentially lowering electricity bills by utilising stored energy during high-rate periods.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) enables power transfer between two EVs, enhancing the flexibility and utility of EV fleets. This capability is useful when one vehicle needs a charge and another can provide it. Vehicle-to-Load (V2L) uses a DC-to-AC inverter to convert the EV’s stored DC power into AC power, powering various electrical devices and appliances. This application is beneficial for activities such as camping or construction, where portable power is needed.
V2X technology requires specific hardware and software components, including bidirectional chargers, communication links compliant with protocols like ISO 15118 and OCPP 2.0.1, and smart charging control systems. These components ensure efficient and safe energy transfer between the EV and the designated energy-consuming destination.